Windows Server 2008 Administrator Interview Questions And Answers Pdf

Here are some of the most commonly asked Windows Server Administrator Interview Questions and Answers. What are the role’s of System Administrator? The role of System Administrator differs in the organization. The three main task of a System Admin is Installing, Supporting and maintaining servers & computers. Install patches & OS Updates.

Windows Server 2008 Interview Questions And Answers - Techiebird.comTechieBird Quick LinksWindows Server 2008 Interview Questions And Answers1. What are some of the new tools and features provided by Windows Server 2008?Windows Server 2008 now provides a desktop environment similar to Microsoft Windows Vista and includes tools also found in Vista, such as the new backup snap-in and the BitLocker drive encryption feature. Windows Server 2008 also provides the new IIS7 web server and the Windows Deployment Service.2. What are the different editions of Windows Server 2008?The entry-level version of Windows Server 2008 is the Standard Edition. The Enterprise Edition provides a platform for large enterprisewide networks. The Datacenter Edition provides support for unlimited Hyper-V virtualization and advanced clustering services.

The Web Edition is a scaled-down version of Windows Server 2008 intended for use as a dedicated web server. The Standard, Enterprise, and Datacenter Editions can be purchased with or without the Hyper-V virtualization technology.3. What two hardware considerations should be an important part of theplanning process for a Windows Server 2008 deployment?Any server on which you will install Windows Server 2008 should have at least the minimum hardware requirement for running the network operating system. Server hardware should also be on the Windows Server 2008 Hardware Compatibility List to avoid the possibility of hardware and network operating system incompatibility.4. What are the options for installing Windows Server 2008?You can install Windows Server 2008 on a server not currently configured with NOS, or you can upgrade existing servers running Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003.5. How do you configure and manage a Windows Server 2008 core installation?This stripped-down version of Windows Server 2008 is managed from the command line.6.

Which Control Panel tool enables you to automate the running of server utilities and other applications?The Task Scheduler enables you to schedule the launching of tools such as Windows Backup and Disk Defragmenter.7. What are some of the items that can be accessed via the System Properties dialog box?You can access virtual memory settings and the Device Manager via the System Properties dialog box.8. When a child domain is created in the domain tree, what type of trust relationship exists between the new child domain and the trees root domain?Child domains and the root domain of a tree are assigned transitive trusts. This means that the root domain and child domain trust each other and allow resources in any domain in the tree to be accessed by users in any domain in the tree.9. What is the primary function of domain controllers?The primary function of domain controllers is to validate users to the network. However, domain controllers also provide the catalog of Active Directory objects to users on the network.10.

What are some of the other roles that a server running Windows Server 2008 could fill on the network?A server running Windows Server 2008 can be configured as a domain controller, a file server, a print server, a web server, or an application server. Windows servers can also have roles and features that provide services such as DNS, DHCP, and Routing and Remote Access.11. Which Windows Server 2008 tools make it easy to manage and configure a servers roles and features?The Server Manager window enables you to view the roles and features installed on a server and also to quickly access the tools used to manage these various roles and features. The Server Manager can be used to add and remove roles and features as needed.12. What Windows Server 2008 service is used to install client operating systems over the network?Windows Deployment Services (WDS) enables you to install client and server operating systems over the network to any computer with a PXE-enabled network interface.13. What domain services are necessary for you to deploy the Windows Deployment Services on your network?Windows Deployment Services requires that a DHCP server and a DNS server be installed in the domain.14. How is WDS configured and managed on a server running Windows Server 2008?The Windows Deployment Services snap-in enables you to configure the WDS server and add boot and install images to the server.15.

What is the difference between a basic and dynamic drive in the Windows Server 2008 environment?A basic disk embraces the MS-DOS disk structure; a basic disk can be divided into partitions (simple volumes).Dynamic disks consist of a single partition that can be divided into any number of volumes. Dynamic disks also support Windows Server 2008 RAID implementations.16. What is RAID in Windows Server 2008?RAID, or Redundant Array of Independent Disks, is a strategy for building fault tolerance into your file servers. RAID enables you to combine one or more volumes on separate drives so that they are accessed by a single drive letter. Windows Server 2008 enables you to configure RAID 0 (a striped set), RAID 1 (a mirror set), and RAID 5 (disk striping with parity).17. What conceptual model helps provide an understanding of how network protocol stacks such as TCP/IP work?The OSI model, consisting of the application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and physical layers, helps describe how data is sent and received on the network by protocol stacks.18.

What protocol stack is installed by default when you install Windows Server 2008 on a network server?TCP/IP (v4 and v6) is the default protocol for Windows Server 2008. It is required for Active Directory implementations and provides for connectivity on heterogeneous networks.19. How is a server running Windows Server 2008 configured as a domain controller, such as the domain controller for the root domain or a child domain?Installing the Active Directory on a server running Windows Server 2008 provides you with the option of creating a root domain for a domain tree or of creating child domains in an existing tree. Installing Active Directory on the server makes the server a domain controller.20.

What are some of the tools used to manage Active Directory objects in a Windows Server 2008 domain?When the Active Directory is installed on a server (making it a domain controller), a set of Active Directory snap-ins is provided. The Active Directory Users and Computers snap-in is used to manage Active Directory objects such as user accounts, computers, and groups. The Active Directory Domains and Trusts snap-in enables you to manage the trusts that are defined between domains.

The Active Directory Sites and Services snap-in provides for the management of domain sites and subnets.21. How are domain user accounts created and managed?The Active Directory Users and Computers snap-in provides the tools necessary for creating user accounts and managing account properties. Properties for user accounts include settings related to logon hours, the computers to which a user can log on, and the settings related to the user's password.22. What type of Active Directory objects can be contained in a group?A group can contain users, computers, contacts, and other nested groups.23.

What type of group is not available in a domain that is running at the mixed-mode functional level?Universal groups are not available in a mixed-mode domain. The functional level must be raised to Windows 2003 or Windows 2008 to make these groups available.24. What types of Active Directory objects can be contained in an Organizational Unit?Organizational Units can hold users, groups, computers, contacts, and other OUs. The Organizational Unit provides you with a container directly below the domain level that enables you to refine the logical hierarchy of how your users and other resources are arranged in the Active Directory.25.

What are Active Directory sites in Windows Server 2008?Active Directory sites are physical locations on the network's physical topology. Each regional domain that you create is assigned to a site.

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Sites typically represent one or more IP subnets that are connected by IP routers. Because sites are separated from each other by a router, the domain controllers on each site periodically replicate the Active Directory to update the Global Catalog on each site segment.26. Can servers running Windows Server 2008 provide services to clients when they are not part of a domain?Servers running Windows Server 2008 can be configured to participate in a workgroup. The server can provide some services to the workgroup peers but does not provide the security and management tools provided to domain controllers.27. What does the use of Group Policy provide you as a network administrator?Group Policy provides a method of controlling user and computer configuration settings for Active Directory containers such as sites, domains, and OUs. GPOs are linked to a particular container, and then individual policies and administrative templates are enabled to control the environment for the users or computers within that particular container.28. What tools are involved in managing and deploying Group Policy?GPOs and their settings, links, and other information such as permissions can be viewed in the Group Policy Management snap-in.29.

How do you deal with Group Policy inheritance issues?GPOs are inherited down through the Active Directory tree by default. You can block the inheritance of settings from upline GPOs (for a particular container such as an OU or a local computer) by selecting Block Inheritance for that particular object. If you want to enforce a higher-level GPO so that it overrides directly linked GPOs, you can use the Enforce command on the inherited (or upline) GPO.30. How can you make sure that network clients have the most recent Windows updates installed and have other important security features such as the Windows Firewall enabled before they can gain full network access?You can configure a Network Policy Server (a service available in the Network Policy and Access Services role). The Network Policy Server can be configured to compare desktop client settings with health validators to determine the level of network access afforded to the client.31.

What is the purpose of deploying local DNS servers?A domain DNS server provides for the local mapping of fully qualified domain names to IP addresses. Because the DNS is a distributed database, the local DNS servers can provide record information to remote DNS servers to help resolve remote requests related to fully qualified domain names on your network.In terms of DNS, what is a caching-only server?A caching-only DNS server supplies information related to queries based on the data it contains in its DNS cache.

Caching-only servers are often used as DNS forwarders. Because they are not configured with any zones, they do not generate network traffic related to zone transfers.How the range of IP addresses is defined for a Windows Server 2008 DHCP server?The IP addresses supplied by the DHCP server are held in a scope. A scope that contains more than one subnet of IP addresses is called a superscope.

IP addresses in a scope that you do not want to lease can be included in an exclusion range.

Windows Cluster Interview questions:-Personal Interview Questions:-What is Global Catalog and its function?The global catalog is a distributed data repository that contains a searchable, partial representation of every object in every domain in a multidomain Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) forest. The global catalog is stored on domain controllers that have been designated as global catalog servers and is distributed through multimaster replication. Searches that are directed to the global catalog are faster because they do not involve referrals to different domain controllers.The global catalog provides the ability to locate objects from any domain without having to know the domain name. A global catalog server is a domain controller that, in addition to its full, writable domain directory partition replica, also stores a partial, read-only replica of all other domain directory partitions in the forest.

Forest-wide searches. The global catalog provides a resource for searching an AD DS forest. Forest-wide searches are identified by the LDAP port that they use. If the search query uses port 3268, the query is sent to a global catalog server.

User logon. In a forest that has more than one domain, two conditions require the global catalog during user authentication: Universal Group Membership Caching: In a forest that has more than one domain, in sites that have domain users but no global catalog server, Universal Group Membership Caching can be used to enable caching of logon credentials so that the global catalog does not have to be contacted for subsequent user logons. This feature eliminates the need to retrieve universal group memberships across a WAN link from a global catalog server in a different site. In a domain that operates at the Windows 2000 native domain functional level or higher, domain controllers must request universal group membership enumeration from a global catalog server. When a user principal name (UPN) is used at logon and the forest has more than one domain, a global catalog server is required to resolve the name. Exchange Address Book lookups.

Servers running Microsoft Exchange Server rely on access to the global catalog for address information. Users use global catalog servers to access the global address list (GAL).What are the components of Logical AD?The logical parts of Active Directory include forests, trees, domains, OUs and global catalogs.Domain –It is still a logical group of users and computers that share the characteristics of centralized security and administration.

A domain is still a boundary for security – this means that an administrator of a domain is an administrator for only that domain, and no others, by default.Tree – a tree is a collection of Active Directory domains that share a contiguous namespace.Forest – a forest is the largest unit in Active Directory and is a collection of trees that share a common Schema. In a forest all trees are connected by transitive two-way trust relationships, thus allowing users in any tree access to resources in another for which they have been given appropriate permissions and rights.

By default the first domain created in a forest is referred to as the root domain.What are the different Partition in AD and explain all?The Active Directory database is logically separated into directory partitions:. Schema partition. Configuration partition.

Domain partition. Application partitionEach partition is a unit of replication, and each partition has its own replication topology. Replication occurs between replicas of directory partition. Minimum two directory partitions are common among all domain controllers in the same forest: the schema and configuration partitions. All domain controllers which are in the same domain, in addition, share a common domain partition.Schema PartitionOnly one schema partition exists per forest. The schema partition is stored on all domain controllers in a forest. The schema partition contains definitions of all objects and attributes that you can create in the directory, and the rules for creating and manipulating them.

Schema information is replicated to all domain controllers in the attribute definitions.Configuration PartitionThere is only one configuration partition per forest. Second on all domain controllers in a forest, the configuration partition contains information about the forest-wide active directory structure including what domains and sites exist, which domain controllers exist in each forest, and which services are available. Configuration information is replicated to all domain controllers in a forest.Domain PartitionMany domain partitions can exist per forest. Domain partitions are stored on each domain controller in a given domain. A domain partition contains information about users, groups, computers and organizational units.

The domain partition is replicated to all domain controllers of that domain. All objects in every domain partition in a forest are stored in the global catalog with only a subset of their attribute values.Application PartitionApplication partitions store information about application in Active Directory. Each application determines how it stores, categorizes, and uses application specific information. To prevent unnecessary replication to specific application partitions, you can designate which domain controllers in a forest host specific application partitions. Unlike a domain partitions, an application partition cannot store security principal objects, such as user accounts. In addition, the data in an application partition is not stored in the global catalog.As an example of application partition, if you use a Domain Name System (DNS) that is integrated with Active Directory you have two application partitions for DNS zones — ForestDNSZones and DomainDNSZones:.

ForestDNSZones is part of a forest. All domain controllers and DNS servers in a forest receive a replica of this partition. A forest-wide application partition stores the forest zone data. DomainDNSZones is unique for each domain. All domain controllers that are DNS servers in that domain receive a replica of this partition.

The application partitions store the domain DNS zone in the DomainDNSZones.Each domain has a DomainDNSZones partition, but there is only one ForestDNSZones partition. No DNS data is replicated to the global catalog server.Different types of Disk partition?How many types of RAID and explain any 3 advantage and disadvantage?RAID Levels and TypesRAID, an acronym of Redundant Array of Independent (Inexpensive) Disks is the talk of the day. These are an array of disk to give more power, performance, fault tolerance and accessibility to the data, as a single storage system. It’s not mere combination of disks but all the disks are combined providing standard MTBF (mean time before failure) reliability scheme; otherwise chances are performance would be affected drastically if disks are not combined as a single storage unit.RAID Levels All the RAID types and models are commonly classified as RAID levels, since RAID represented by a higher number is regarded to be superior, more efficient, high-performance array than the low numbered RAID. Hence, high security feature of RAID also depends on the RAID level you are using. RAID arrays, not only, provide the users with maximum security and reliability but also make sure that if a disk fails no data is lost. The in-depth knowledge about RAID levels would help you through buying of RAID servers.Let’s briefly discuss here the main RAID levels and classes:RAID 0 – Striping:It is the Stripped Disk Array with no fault tolerance and it requires at least 2 drives to be implemented.

Due to no redundancy feature, RAID 0 is considered to be the lowest ranked RAID level. Striped data mapping technique is implemented for high performance at low cost. The I/O performance is also improved as it is loaded across many channels. Regeneration, Rebuilding and functional redundancy are some salient features of RAID 0.RAID 1 – Mirroring:It is the Mirroring (Shadowing) Array meant to provide high performance.

RAID 1 controller is able to perform 2 separate parallel reads or writes per mirrored pair. It also requires at least 2 drives to implement a non-redundant disk array.

High level of availability, access and reliability can be achieved by entry-level RAID 1 array. With full redundancy feature available, need of readability is almost negligible. Controller configurations and storage subsystem design is the easiest and simplest amongst all RAID levels.RAID 0+1:It is the RAID array providing high data transference performance with at least 4 disks needed to implement the RAID 0+1 level. It’s a unique combination of stripping and mirroring with all the best features of RAID 0 and RAID 1 included such as fast data access and fault tolerance at single drive level. The multiple stripe segments have added high I/O rates to the RAID performance and it is the best solution for maximum reliability.RAID 2 (ECC):It is the combination of Inherently Parallel Mapping and Protection RAID array. It’s also known as ECC RAID because each data word bit is written to data disk which is verified for correct data or correct disk error when the RAID disk is read. Due to special disk features required, RAID 2 is not very popular among the corporate data storage masses, despite the extremely high data transference rates.RAID 3:RAID 3 works on the Parallel Transfer with Parity technique.

The least number of disks required to implement the RAID array is 3 disks. In the RAID 3, data blocks are striped and written on data drives and then the stripe parity is generated, saved and afterwards used to verify the disk reads. Read and write data transfer rate is very high in RAID 3 array and disk failure causes insignificant effects on the overall performance of the RAID.RAID 4:RAID 4 requires a minimum of 3 drives to be implemented. It is composed of independent disks with shared parity to protect the data. Data transaction rate for Read is exceptionally high and highly aggregated.

Similarly, the low ratio of parity disks to data disks indicates high efficiency.RAID 5:RAIDS 5 is Independent Distributed parity block of data disks with a minimum requirement of at least 3 drives to be implemented and N-1 array capacity. It helps in reducing the write inherence found in RAID 4. RAID 5 array offers highest data transaction Read rate, medium data transaction Write rate and good cumulative transfer rate.RAID 6:RAIDS 6 is Independent Data Disk array with Independent Distributed parity. It is known to be an extension of RAID level 5 with extra fault tolerance and distributed parity scheme added. RAID 6 is the best available RAID array for mission critical applications and data storage needs, though the controller design is very complex and overheads are extremely high.RAID 7:RAID 7 is the Optimized Asynchrony array for high I/O and data transfer rates and is considered to be the most manageable RAID controller available. The overall write performance is also known to be 50% to 90% better and improved than the single spindle array levels with no extra data transference required for parity handling. RAID 7 is registered as a standard trademark of Storage Computer Corporation.RAID 10:RAID 10 is classified as the futuristic RAID controller with extremely high Reliability and performance embedded in a single RAID controller.

The minimum requirement to form a RAID level 10 controller is 4 data disks. The implementation of RAID 10 is based on a striped array of RAID 1 array segments, with almost the same fault tolerance level as RAID 1. How to take DNS and WINS, DHCP backup? What is the use of terminal services?And its mode How is Active Directory scalable?What is multimaster replication?Multimaster ReplicationActive Directory uses multimaster replication to accomplish the synchronization of directory information. True multimaster replication can be contrasted with other directory services that use a master-slave approach to updates wherein all updates must be made to the master copy of the directory and then be replicated to the slave copies. This system is adequate for a directory that has a small number of copies and for an environment where all of the changes can be applied centrally.

But this approach does not scale beyond small-sized organizations nor does it address the needs of decentralized organizations. With Active Directory, no one domain controller is the master. Instead, all domain controllers within a domain are equivalent. Changes can be made to any domain controller, unlike a single-master system, where changes must be made to one server. In the single-master system, the primary server replicates the updated information to all other directory servers in the domain.With multimaster replication, it is not necessary for every domain controller to replicate with every other domain controller.

Instead, the system implements a robust set of connections that determines which domain controllers replicate to which other domain controllers to ensure that networks are not overloaded with replication traffic and that replication latency is not so long that it causes inconvenience to users. The set of connections through which changes are replicated to domain controllers in an enterprise is called the replication topology.Multimaster update capability provides high availability of write access to directory objects because several servers can contain writable copies of an object. Each domain controller in the domain can accept updates independently, without communicating with other domain controllers.

The system resolves any conflicts in updates to a specific directory object. If updates cease and replication continues, all copies of an object eventually reach the same value.The manner in which a directory service stores information directly determines the performance and scalability of the directory service. Directory services must handle a large number of queries compared to the number of updates they must process.

A typical ratio of queries to updates is 99:1. By creating multiple copies of the directory and keeping the copies consistent, the directory service can handle more queries per second.Multimaster replication provides the following advantages over single-master replication. If one domain controller becomes inoperable, other domain controllers can continue to update the directory. In single-master replication, if the primary domain controller becomes inoperable, directory updates cannot take place.

For example, if the failed server holds your password and your password has expired, you cannot reset your password and therefore you cannot log on to the domain. Servers that are capable of making changes to the directory, which in Windows 2000 are domain controllers, can be distributed across the network and can be located in multiple physical sites.Define each of the following names: DN, RDN, GUID, UPN.

What is the primary reason for defining an OU?What is the difference between a site link and a connection object?What is the booting process?. First is the POST, this stands for Power On Self Test, for the computer. This process tests memory as well as a number of other subsystems. You can usually monitor this as it runs each test. After that is complete the system will run POST for any device that has a BIOS (Basic Input-Output System).

An AGP has its own BIOS, as do some network cards and various other devices. Once the POST is complete and the BIOS is sure that everything is working properly, the BIOS will then attempt to read the MBR (Master Boot Record). This is the first sector of the first hard drive (called the Master or HD0).

When the MBR takes over it means that Windows is now in control. The MBR looks at the BOOT SECTOR (the first sector of the active partition). That is where NTLDR is located, NTLDR is the BOOT LOADER for Windows XP. NTLDR will allow memory addressing, initiate the file system, read the boot.ini and load the boot menu. NTLDR has to be in the root of the active partition as do NTDETECT.COM, BOOT.INI, BOOTSECT.DOS (for multi-OS booting) and NTBOOTDD.SYS (if you have SCSI adapters). Once XP is selected from the Boot Menu, NTLDR will run NTDETECT.COM, BOOT.INI and BOOTSECT.DOS to get the proper OS selected and loaded.

The system starts in 16-bit real mode and then moves into 32-bit protected mode. NTLDR will then load NTOSKRNL.EXE and HAL.DLL. Effectively, these two files are windows XP. They must be located in%SystemRoot%System32. NTLDR reads the registry, chooses a hardware profile and authorizes device drivers, in that exact order.

At this point NTOSKRNL.EXE takes over.